Introduction to the Construction and Features of Cold Storage in Cold Chain Logistics

Cold chain logistics cold storage has unique practical significance. It has transformed from the "low-temperature storage" type of traditional cold storage to the "circulation" type and the "cold chain logistics distribution" type. With the ideas of supply chain and systematic management as the core, it comprehensively applies modern information technology, logistics technology, etc., to achieve the cold chain logistics management effect with the optimal input-output ratio, the best operation quality and efficiency, and the lowest operation cost.

The requirements for the site selection and architectural design of cold chain logistics cold storage are strict:
The warehouse cold storage should be built in places with convenient transportation and reliable sources of water and electricity supply. There should be good environmental sanitation conditions around the site, and efforts should be made to avoid locations with harmful gases, smoke, dust from industrial and mining enterprises, and pollution sources from infectious disease hospitals, etc. The logistics cold storage of meat, fish, egg, milk and other processing factories should be arranged on the upwind side with the minimum frequency of summer wind direction in urban residential areas, and located near the production areas or in places convenient for commodity distribution. Generally, the building consists of cold processing and refrigeration buildings, cold processing auxiliary buildings, transportation facilities, management and living quarters buildings, and machine room and ice-making room buildings. The logistics cold storage includes cooling rooms with a temperature of around 0 °C, freezing rooms with a temperature of -23 to -30 °C, refrigerated rooms with a temperature of -12 to -20 °C, and ice storage rooms with a temperature of -4 to -10 °C.

The plane layout of the cold chain logistics cold storage should make the technological process reasonable, with short routes that do not cross each other, clear division of high and low temperature areas, try to minimize the area of the enclosure structure, have a neat column grid distribution, and take expansion and convenience into consideration. Its plane is generally square. Multi-story cold storages are often built in dumbbell-shaped or single-block styles. The dumbbell-shaped style divides the high-temperature cold storage and the low-temperature cold storage into two independent enclosure structures, which are connected by a corridor in the middle and have a good use effect.

In the single-block style, the floor slabs and the ground are separated by adiabatic walls between the high and low temperature cold storages. The cold storage doors are connected to the normal-temperature corridor, and air curtains are set on the cold storage doors to prevent the cold air inside the cold storage from overflowing. The walls, ceilings and floors of the cold chain logistics cold storage should all be paved with materials with low thermal conductivity, such as rice husks, cork, asphalt, expanded perlite blocks, etc., as adiabatic layers to prevent the external heat flow from infiltrating into the cold storage and increasing the heat load.

To prevent the outdoor water vapor from permeating into the adiabatic layer, materials with high permeability resistance, such as asphalt felt, etc., also need to be paved on the high-temperature side of the adiabatic layer as a vapor barrier layer.

Fruits, melons and vegetables that have undergone pre-cooling processing and fresh-keeping refrigeration in the cold chain logistics cold storage can not only be sold across regions, but also have their loss rates reduced from 20% to 5%.